History (HIS)Academic Catalog: 2019–2020

• Kathleen Keller, Chairperson
• Marco Cabrera Geserick
• Whitney Dirks (Visiting, 2019-2020)
• Misti Nicole Harper (Visiting, 2019–2020)
• Gregory Kaster
• Glenn Eric Kranking
• Maddalena Marinari (On leave, 2019-2020)
• David Tôbaru Obermiller (On leave, 2019-2020)

The Department of History’s mission embodies the liberal arts by nurturing students to think about history through critical inquiry, reasoned written and oral arguments, and in a context that incorporates comparative history and global perspectives. Thinking historically requires understanding change and continuity over time; recognizing that “facts” only have meaning in historical context; knowing how to interpret, synthesize, and critique historical sources; and being able to construct arguments based on historical evidence.

An essential discipline to the liberal arts, History courses meet general education requirements and also the requirements of several of the College’s interdisciplinary majors and minors. The department’s mission supports the College’s mission by encouraging students to develop historical and global perspectives on past and contemporary concerns about diversity, human dignity, individual and community values, and social justice. The department encourages its majors to enhance their history education through foreign language and study away opportunities. The major is designed to develop necessary skill and knowledge foundations for students who wish to pursue graduate study in history; who intend to pursue graduate studies in related professional fields such as law, international relations, or business; or who intend to move directly into fields such as government and public service.

Major:

A minimum of ten (10) courses, graded C (2.0) or better, chosen in consultation with a departmental advisor as follows:

1. Of the ten courses, no more than three (3) may be at Level I and at least three (3) must be at Level III in addition to HIS-300.
2. At least one course in four of the following five regions: Africa; Asia; Europe; Latin America; United States.
3. At least one course that focuses primarily on the period before 1800.
4. At least one course that focuses primarily on race, class, gender, or other ways in which social experiences are constructed.
5. At least one course that focuses primarily on global connections or connections between world regions.
6. HIS-200, Thinking Historically, normally to be completed by the end of the sophomore year.
7. HIS-300, Senior Research Seminar, normally to be completed during the senior year.

With permission of the department, students may substitute one additional global connections courses (see #5 above) for one of the regional courses (see #2 above). Special topics course may sometimes count toward the distribution requirements in sections 2-5. Please see your history adviser for more information.

Each History major will develop a concentration of at least three courses in consultation with her/his departmental adviser no later than the date of registration for courses for the second semester of the junior year. Courses in the concentration will be linked by theme, geography, or time period. No more than one course in the concentration may be at Level I and at least one (excluding HIS 300) must be at Level III.

Note: In fulfilling these requirements, no more than three (3) courses can be counted from non-departmental courses and courses taken at other institutions. AP/IB credit may not be used to meet the requirements in sections 2–5. Transfer credits will not be accepted for HIS-200 or HIS-300.

Major with Honors:

This option is open to outstanding students who are seriously considering graduate study in history. Writing a successful Honors thesis demands a considerable amount of time, dedication, and perseverance. Before applying, students must carefully consider the extent of other demands during the senior year.

Participation in the Honors program is by application due in the department chair’s office by April 15 of the junior year. The application must include:

A letter of application providing an overview of the proposed research project, including the major primary sources that will be examined and the site(s) where the bulk of the research will be carried out.

• A preliminary bibliography of essential secondary sources.
• A writing sample (normally a paper written for a history course).
• A letter of support from the member of the department who will direct the project.
• A copy of the student’s transcript or degree audit.

Candidates must have and maintain at least a 3.66 GPA in the major and a 3.25 GPA overall, and must complete the intermediate level of a foreign language, typically the first four courses. During the senior year, students in the Honors major enroll in HIS-396 in the fall semester and in HIS-397 in the spring semester to work on the honors thesis. The honors thesis, normally 50-75 pages in length, is written under the direction of a member of the department. Honors majors present and defend their thesis before the department at the end of the spring semester. The Honors major requires a minimum of eleven courses in History. These include the requirements for the basic major in History, except that students take HIS-396 and HIS-397 in place of HIS-300.

Minor:

A minimum of five (5) courses chosen in consultation with a departmental advisor. No more than two (2) of these courses may be Level I courses and at least one (1) must be a Level III course. All History minors must complete HIS-200. In fulfilling these requirements, no more than one (1) course can be counted from non-departmental courses and courses taken at other institutions

History Courses

104 Environmental History (1 course) Examination of environmental history at both a national (US environmental history) and international level. The course examines environmental history in a holistic fashion in that it is intrinsically interdisciplinary as economic, social, religious, cultural, and political forces are examined. Special attention will be given to a “bottom up” perspective in how everyday individuals shaped environmental consciousness. In addition, given that the environment is a global issue, this course will examine environmental issues in a trans-national manner that reflects the growing trend in history to offer a more world perspective rather than a national one. Some of the environmental issues examined will be the Minamata (mercury) poisoning in Japan, the Bhopal Incident in India, the environmental damage in China, Agent Orange, and the issue of environmental injustice. This course counts toward the Environmental Studies and the Peace, Justice, and Conflict Studies majors/minors. GLOBL, HIPHI, Fall and/or Spring semesters

105 World History Since 1500 (1 course) A study of world history from the Age of Exploration to the present. The course examines global processes and patterns of interaction and exchange and how different parts of the world developed and interacted with other regions. Topics include globalization and trade of commodities, religion, slavery, colonization and responses to colonization, industrialization, war, nationalism, conceptions of the individual and society, expansion of knowledge, the role of the environment, and cultural exchange. GLOBL, HIPHI, Fall and/or Spring semesters.

110 The Making of Europe, 1000–1648 (1 course) A survey of European history from the time of the High Middle Ages to the end of the Thirty Years’ War. During this period, the Europe we know today began to take shape politically, culturally, religiously, socially, and intellectually. Nation-states took shape, Christianity rose to extraordinary heights of power only to fragment in the Reformation, and the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution transformed ways of thinking. This course will examine these developments, as well as the ways in which European society was transformed by the Black Death and Europe’s place in a global context. HIPHI, Fall and/or Spring semesters.

120 Modern Europe, 1648–Present (1 course) A survey of European history from the end of the Thirty Years’ War to the present. The course will consider individuals, ideas, trends, and movements that have given shape to the present. Beyond its essential purpose of introducing the student to the history of the period, the course should also encourage the development of a mature, historical perspective and provide a basic background for many other courses in the liberal arts curriculum. HIPHI, Offered annually.

130 U.S. History to the Civil War (1 course) A study of American history from pre-Columbian times through the Civil War. The course examines the formation of American society from colonial America, to the Revolutionary and early national periods, to the era which culminated in war between the Union and the Confederacy. The issues covered range across social, economic, intellectual, and political history. HIPHI, Offered annually.

140 U.S. History since the Civil War (1 course) A study of the American past from the time of Reconstruction through the rise of industrialism and 20th-century America. This course examines significant social, economic, intellectual, and political developments which have shaped the society in which we live. HIPHI, Offered annually.

141 Women in the United States: Private Lives, Public Lives (1 course) A survey of major events and personalities in the history of women in the United States and of methods used to explore that history. The course emphasizes uncovering the everyday lives of American women through a study of transformations in women’s work, family lives, and culture. It assesses the impact of the Industrial Revolution in separating private from public life. Topics include experiences of women in different racial and ethnic groups, rise of the women’s rights movement, labor force participation, and changing attitudes toward female sexuality. This course counts toward the Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies major/minor. HIPHI, Fall semester.

144, 244, 344 Special Topics (1 course, 1 course, 1 course) Special topics in historical studies. Content will vary from semester to semester. Courses will explore a topic or problem in depth and students will read, discuss, and write. More than one special topic may be taken. Offered occasionally.

150 History of Modern Africa (1 course) This course will explore the history of sub-Saharan Africa from roughly 1700 to the present, focusing on the forces that have shaped modern Africa, including the slave trade; the rise of Islam, economy, society, and culture under European colonialism; African independence movements; and South Africa under apartheid. Throughout the course, emphasis will be placed on the role Africans played in shaping their own destinies. This course counts toward the African Studies minor. GLOBL, HIPHI, Offered annually.

160 Introduction to Latin America (1 course) No part of the developing world has had a longer or closer relationship with the United States than Latin America. At the same time, Latin America has struggled to create strong economies, just societies, and healthy democracies. This course will explore Latin America’s history since the triumph of the independence movements early in the nineteenth century, focusing on the region’s relationship with the United States as well as its economic frustrations, social tensions, political difficulties, and the development of a thriving Latin American culture. This course counts toward the LALACS and Peace, Justice, and Conflict Studies majors/minors. GLOBL, HIPHI, Offered annually.

170 Introduction to Modern East Asia (1 course) An introductory survey of East Asia’s modern history beginning in roughly 1600 with the Qing Dynasty (China) and the Tokugawa Dynasty (Japan). Some specific course themes include: the role of Confucianism in producing a self-regulatory society; China’s pre-modern prowess in science and technology; the samurai culture of the Tokugawa dynasty; China’s failure to modernize; Japan’s remarkable modernization efforts; WW II in Asia with emphasis on the intersection of race and genocide; the bittersweet experience of the Chinese Communist revolution; Vietnam’s successful resistance against the American invasion; and how East Asia has emerged in the past forty years as a global economic and technological powerhouse. The course uses feature films from East Asia and documentaries to complement the readings and to offer a vivid visual representation of the region. This course counts toward the Japanese Studies major/minor. GLOBL, HIPHI, Spring semester (Not offered, Spring 2020).

175 History of Pre-Modern East Asia (1 course) Examination of pre-modern East Asia (to 1644) with emphasis on: East Asian philosophical and spiritual traditions and how these traditions affected the development of East Asian civilizations; the contribution East Asia played in the development of European and world history; and to challenge Euro-centric perspectives that often view East Asia civilizations as static. Some particular themes include how Confucianism created a self-regulated society, how Chinese civilization was able to maintain cultural continuity for 3000 years, the role of the Mongols in the making of the modern world, and Japanese samurai culture. This course uses several East Asian films. This course counts toward the Japanese Studies major/minor. GLOBL, HIPHI, Fall semester.

200 History Seminar: Thinking Historically (1 course) What does it mean to think historically? What distinguishes various approaches within the discipline—e.g., social, political, intellectual history—and how, in practice, do those approaches often converge? How does comparative history change our understanding of the past? This seminar addresses such questions with both the instructor and collaborating history faculty. Open only to majors and minors. Normally, students should complete HIS-200 before the end of the sophomore year and before taking Level III courses in the department. Enrollment requires permission of the Department Chair. WRITD, Fall and Spring semesters.

201 Empire and Culture (1 course) This course focuses on the “new imperialism” of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in which Europeans conquered vast parts of Africa and Asia and attempted to impose a new political and cultural order on the people there. The course focuses primarily on imperial culture, including the study of issues such as sexuality, sports, consumption, and medicine. The course will combine theoretical interpretations with secondary sources and literary primary sources to probe some of the key issues at stake in understanding the culture of imperialism. This course counts toward the African Studies minor. GLOBL, HIPHI, Offered occasionally.

202 Slavery and Freedom in the Atlantic World (1 course) Slavery and sugar: One brutal, the other (literally) sweet, together they transformed the Atlantic world—Europe, Africa, the Americas (including the eventual United States)—creating simultaneously unimaginable misery for slaves and unimaginable wealth for the planters and merchants who profited by their labor. This course explores over several centuries and across four continents the emergence, operation, and ultimate demise of the world-altering Atlantic slave system in which Africa centrally figured. The history involved is at once political, social, cultural, economic, legal, and environmental, and encompasses human cruelty, suffering, resilience, resistance, courage, and compassion. Readings include primary and secondary sources. This course counts toward the African Studies minor. GLOBL, HIPHI, Spring semester, even years.

211 Imperial Russia (1 course) An introduction to Russian society from 1700 and the time of Peter the Great until the eve of the Russian Revolution in 1917. The course begins with a consideration of Russia’s pre-Imperial history, during which time it was increasingly isolated from Western Europe. The Renaissance, Reformation, and the Age of Science and Discovery largely passed it by. The drama of the Imperial period begins with Russia’s attempt to open its doors to the West, and the two centuries of Russian history before the Revolution are characterized by the essential conflict between Western ideas and Russian culture. Political, social, and economic developments provide some of the backdrop, but the creative genius of people like Gogol, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, Chekhov, Tchaikovsky, and scores of others will engage us as well. HIPHI, Spring semester, even years

212 The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union (1 course) A study of Russia since the Revolution in 1917. For most of the 20th century the world was profoundly affected by communism and its center in Russia. Why was there a revolution in Russia in 1917? What happened there that produced such a dark figure as Stalin? What characterized the Soviet Union and its culture? Why did it collapse at the beginning of the 1990s and what are the prospects for Russia in the future? These questions and many more will provide the backdrop for a penetrating look into the society of Russia since 1917, which will also include a focus on Soviet film. HIPHI, Spring semester, odd years.

218 Scandinavia to 1800 (1 course) This course surveys the history of Scandinavia from the earliest evidence of human presence to about 1800. Particular emphasis is placed on the Vikings, the turmoil and troubles of the Middle Ages, the emergence of early modern dynastic states in Denmark and Sweden, Sweden and its Baltic empire in the 17th century, and struggles between change and continuity in the 18th century. HIPHI, Fall semester, odd years.

219 Scandinavia since 1800 (1 course) “Poor, socially stratified, politically autocratic, internationally insignificant” are all words which accurately describe Scandinavia in the early 19th century. Prosperous, egalitarian, democratic, internationally significant are all words which accurately describe Scandinavia today. What happened in Scandinavia to allow us to alter the description so radically? To answer this question will be a purpose of this course. HIPHI, Fall semester, even years.

220 Western Christianity in the Middle Ages (1 course) In the millennium before the Reformation, the Christian church based in Rome was the most powerful institution and promoted the dominant belief system in western Europe. Its influence was felt virtually everywhere and by everyone. This course examines its core doctrines and interpretation of the Bible during the Middle Ages, its jurisdictional claims over both spiritual and secular matters, and the wide range of devotional practices that emerged in European society. Also considered are the impact of the Reformation on medieval Christianity and the legacy of medieval Christianity in the modern world. THEOL, Offered occasionally.

221 The Reformation (1 course) The events known collectively as the Reformation have defined the nature of Christianity for nearly 500 years. In this course, we will examine these events, particularly through the writings of the people who were central to them. The course places the Reformation in its historical context, beginning with a survey of Christianity on the eve of the Reformation. It then examines the ways in which Luther and other major reformers—Protestant and Catholic—viewed the Bible, salvation, worship, and the relations between church and state. Finally, it looks at the enduring impact of the Reformation. THEOL, Offered occasionally.

226 European Women (1 course) This course will primarily focus on women’s experiences in history from the 16th through the 20th centuries in Europe. In addition, students will study concepts like femininity and masculinity and the role of gender in history. Topics include religion, science, childbirth, feminism, sexuality, class, imperialism, industrialization, the Holocaust, and the cold war as understood through the lens of women and gender. Students will be assigned primary and secondary readings, will write several papers, and will give oral presentations on research topics. This course counts toward the Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies major/ minor. Offered occasionally.

230 American Lives (1 course) This course takes a biographical approach to the American past by examining the lives and times of select and influential Americans both well- and lesser known. Rather than focusing on a single life, the course examines multiple related lives simultaneously. While the specific individuals studied may occasionally vary, a recurring focus will be the intersecting lives of Harriet Beecher Stowe (author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, one of the most influential novels in American history), Frederick Douglass (African-American leader and former slave), and Abraham Lincoln. Readings include biographies of and writings by the subjects. HIPHI, Offered occasionally.

232 Black History Matters (1 course) This course surveys the major events, themes, personalities and issues in African American history from the colonial period to the present. Issues addressed include varieties of Afro-American experience in the 17th, 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries; the influence of geographical location, gender, and class on black men and women; attitudes toward race; responses in the black community to racism and racial discrimination; the history of black leaders; and African American social, political, and cultural movements. This course counts toward the Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies and Peace, Justice and Conflict Studies majors/minors. HIPHI, Offered occasionally.

238 Gender and Sexuality in the United States (1 course) An examination of changes and continuities in sexual attitudes and gender behavior from the 18th through the 20th centuries. The central premise of the course is that sexuality has a history and a historical significance relating to economic, demographic, political, and cultural change. Topics include: family, sex, and the economy in Colonial America; the criminalization of abortion in the 1840s; the “sex radicals”; theories of sexual repression and control as they relate to race, class, and gender; attitudes toward pornography, birth control, and prostitution; the commercialization of sex; the social construction of homosexuality; and the politics of AIDS. This course counts toward the Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies major/minor. HIPHI, Offered occasionally.

240 U.S. and WWII (1 course) While many Americans today remember World War II as the last “Good War” and the era of the “Greatest Generation,” a closer examination of Americans’ views and experiences during the war reveals a more complicated history. By considering official, cultural, and personal representations of the war, this course looks at the genealogy of those memories and considers Americans’ experiences of the war through the eyes of soldiers, women, Japanese Americans, and African Americans. It also examines how Americans debated and then remembered the Holocaust and the dropping of the atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. HIPHI, Spring semester, odd years.

241 Recent United States History, 1945–1995 (1 course) Beginning with the end of World War II, this course surveys the history of the U.S. during a vital 50-year period, examining key social, political, cultural, and military issues. The course utilizes primary and secondary sources as well as audio-visual evidence. Topics include the Cold War at home and abroad, suburbanization, the Civil Rights Movement, the Korean and Vietnam conflicts, the “Southernization” of the U.S., the rise of feminism, the impact of technological change, and the growth of liberal and conservative ideologies. HIPHI, Offered occasionally.

242 Hollywood, USA (1 course) This course (whose title comes from the RuPaul song) examines American culture at different key periods in U.S. history since 1920 through the lens of selected Hollywood films from the particular era under consideration. While the specific chronological parameters may occasionally vary, a recurring focus will be the Great Depression of the 1930s. Always we will investigate the dynamic relationship between Hollywood films and American popular culture. For example, at historical moments of profound stress and change, like the Great Depression, did Hollywood films affirm prevailing popular values, challenge, or subvert them, or all of these? How and why? HIPHI. Offered occasionally.

243 History of the Present (1 course) This history course looks to the past to explore and understand how and why we arrived at our present. Specifically, it begins in the present with selected significant events, issues, and dilemmas currently facing the United States and then moves backward in time to illuminate the historical roots of those issues and their development over time. Finally, it involves developing an understanding of the past as past and of its importance in the present. Topics will vary and may include economic issues such as income inequality; political issues such as voting rights; and social issues such as immigration. HIPHI, Fall semester, even years.

251 Africa since 1945 (1 course) This course offers a broad look at African history from 1945 to the present with focus on a few specific case studies such as the “Mau Mau” rebellion in Kenya and the Biafran war in Nigeria. A primarily discussion-based course, students will research primary sources and engage in project-based learning. to delve into important questions related to challenges facing post-colonial Africa. This course counts toward the African Studies minor. GLOBL, HIPHI. Offered occasionally.

261 Colonial Latin America (1 course) Columbus’s arrival in the Americas set in motion a violent fusion of European, African, and indigenous civilizations, a fusion that would create a uniquely Latin American society. This course will examine the economic, social, political, and cultural evolution of that society up to the eve of independence at the beginning of the 19th century, discussing the contributions of Spaniards, mestizos, indigenous peoples, and Africans. Topics include Pre-Columbian societies; the conquest; the imposition of the colonial order; indigenous, slave, and urban societies; and the imperial reforms of the late 18th century. This course counts toward the LALACS major/minor. GLOBL, HIPHI. Offered occasionally.

274 History of Modern China (1 course) This course examines the history of China since the beginning of the Qing dynasty (the last Chinese Imperial dynasty) in the 17th century to the present. Topics include the significance of Confucianism in the formation of a self-regulatory society, the initial stability and prosperity of the Qing dynasty, the paradox of how the long Qing stability eventually undermined the dynasty by the mid-19th century, the Qing inability to resist Western imperialism, China’s century-long struggle to modernize and develop a modern national identity, the Chinese Civil War and the subsequent victory of the CCP led by Mao Zedong, the bittersweet Chinese experience of Communist rule from Mao to Deng Xiaoping, the issue of Tibet, and the current situation of China’s rapid economic growth and subsequent environmental crisis. The course uses Chinese feature films and documentaries to complement the readings and to offer a vivid visual representation on China. GLOBL, HIPHI. Offered occasionally.

278 History of Modern Japan (1 course) This course examines the history of Japan from 1600 to the present. The course begins with an examination of the formation of the Tokugawa dynasty, how this dynasty succeeded for more than 250 years to have a stable and prosperous era, and the paradox of how this stability eventually led to its collapse. This unit will examine the role of the samurai and how bushido was still a fluid concept with competing interpretations of what it meant to be a samurai in a time of peace. The second unit examines the Tokugawa inability to challenge Western imperialism and how this bitter failure propelled modern Japan to modernize in less than forty years. The third unit examines the development of Japanese fascism, Japan’s war with Asia and its fateful decision to attack the US. The fourth unit examines the war in Asia and the Pacific with emphasis on the role racism played in the conflict, Japanese atrocities, the US firebombing campaign, and the decision to use atomic bombs. The final unit examines postwar Japan with an emphasis on the US occupation, the emergence of a democratic and pacifist nation, how Japan became an economic superpower, and the environmental and social costs of Japan’s postwar success. This course counts toward the Japanese Studies major/minor. GLOBL, HIPHI. Spring semester (Not offered, Spring 2020).

300 Senior Research Seminar (1 course) The senior research seminar allows History majors to apply the historical knowledge, thinking, and skills they have developed through their courses in the department to an independent project in their chosen area of concentration. The seminar also offers an opportunity for students to connect their expertise in History with potential career paths in history, public history, library science, or teaching to name just a few examples. Pre-requisite: HIS-200 and permission of the Department Chair. WRITD. Offered annually.

303 We Want You! Propaganda and Persuasion in the Modern World (1 course) We constantly see messages attempting to shape opinion or promote a call to action among the masses. Propaganda focuses on attempts to shape public opinion, typically crafted and executed by a governmental authority or those who wish to contest a governmental authority. We often think of propaganda in wartime to encourage patriotism and vilify the enemy, but it is just as often used in peacetime. This course takes a global perspective on the theory, role, evolution, and effectiveness of propaganda in the 20th century, and the connection to changing technologies as we interpret and analyze written, audio, and visual sources. Pre-requisite: HIS-200 or permission of the instructor. Offered occasionally.

308 Europe’s Jews, 1000–1955 (1 course) Jewish communities have existed in Europe for nearly 2000 years, but the Holocaust is almost the only thing that most people know about their rich history. In this seminar, we will explore several aspects of that history beginning with the earliest settled European Jewish communities around the year 1000 and ending in the aftermath of World War II. While the ways in which Christians saw the Jews in their midst will be an important theme, we will primarily seek to understand Jewish experiences on their own terms and through Jewish sources. While not minimizing the significance of the Holocaust, this course seeks to counter the tendency in our day to see Jews solely as victims and to encounter them as active agents in European history. Readings and discussions will cover such topics as medieval and modern Jewish families, gender roles, and culture; changing legal rights and restrictions; religious and racial anti-Semitism; and the development of Zionism. Prerequisites: HIS-200 or permission of instructor. Offered occasionally.

312 France Under Nazi Occupation (1 course) This course approaches the history of France under Nazi rule from a variety of angles including the 1940 military defeat, the resistance, collaboration, the role of the empire, the persecution of the Jews, and attacks on women’s rights. We will also consider the role of the era in French national memory. In studying these various topics students will face important questions of historical interpretation. For example, who bears the ultimate responsibility for collaboration? In the course students will discuss articles, books, novels, and films. They will select a topic of their choice to research in-depth for a longer paper, lead a class discussion, write shorter papers, and give an oral presentation based on their research. Pre-requisite: HIS-200 or permission of the instructor. Offered occasionally.

323 European Minorities (1 course) Minorities are everywhere and have been everywhere throughout history. However, minorities became far more visible in society—and debates concerning minorities more prominent—in the modern era, particularly following the French Revolution and later after the Great War. This course explores the changing relationships between individuals (and groups) with the state, and questions around the theories of nationalism and identification as it relates to minority populations in 19th and 20th century Europe. Throughout this course we will take a broad look at minorities, moving beyond just ethnic and racial minorities to include religion, class, gender, and sexuality. This course counts toward the Peace, Justice, and Conflict Studies major/minor. Offered occasionally.

330 Immigration in U.S. History (1 course) Immigration, one of the most enduring symbols of the United States, remains a contentious issue in contemporary America. The ongoing political debates about immigration reform and border security; the massive immigrant-rights marches of the last few years; and the hopes and fears of a changing America demonstrate the continued importance of immigration today. This course investigates immigration patterns, immigration policy, and immigrants’ lives in a transnational perspective. Which immigrant groups have come to the U.S.? When and why have they come? And what have their lives been like once here? How have the federal government and Americans responded to immigrants and immigration throughout history? Why have some newcomers been welcomed while others have been scorned as “forever foreigners” or “illegal aliens”? Offered occasionally.

332 America in the Age of the Civil War (1 course) This course examines the social, political, cultural, and intellectual history of America in the era of the Civil War. Major topics include the economics of slavery, the free-labor society in the North, the origins of the Republican party, the ideology of sectional conflict, and the experiences of African Americans, women, white workers, and slaveholders. Special emphasis will be accorded to the meaning of the Civil War to contemporaries and later Americans. Offered occasionally.

334 The Civil Rights Movement at the Community Level (1 course) Historian/activist Howard Zinn once commented on the relationship between history and social change: “All those histories centered on the Founding Fathers weigh oppressively on the capacity of ordinary citizens to act. We have been taught to look to stars, surrendering our own strength.” This course examines movement building to bring about voting rights, desegregation, and improved race relations at the local level in the Deep South during the civil rights era. This is the story of some of the women, children, and men who daily put their lives on the line to “make America be America.” This course counts toward the Peace, Justice, and Conflict Studies major/minor. HIPHI. Offered occasionally.

350 South Africa and Apartheid (1 course) This 300-level history course traces the origins, establishment, experiences, protests against and end of the apartheid regime in South Africa. Through the use of a variety of sources, primary texts, history books, a biography, documentaries, a film, and memoirs students will study multiple perspectives on the history of apartheid. We will also look at how historical interpretations have changed over time. Each student will do individual research related to a specific theme or topic on the history of apartheid. Prerequisites: HIS-200 or AFS-190, Offered occasionally.

361 Latin America and the United States (1 course) This seminar will explore the relationship between Latin America and the United States over the past 200 years. The course will look at both relations between Latin American countries and the U.S., particularly during the Cold War, and the experience of Latinos within the U.S. during the 19th and 20th centuries. Students will identify a topic of their own choice, conduct research, and complete a research paper that includes primary sources. This course counts toward the LALACS major/minor. Prerequisite: HIS-200 or permission of instructor. Offered occasionally.

268, 368 Career Exploration, Internship (course value to be determined) Off-campus employment experience related to the student’s major. See description of the Internship Program. Internship prerequisite: junior or senior status. Fall and Spring semesters.

370 East Asian and U.S. Interactions in Historical Context (1 course) This course examines East Asian (including Southeast Asia) and U.S. interactions at multiple levels (state-to-state, social, cultural, and economic). We begin with the rise of Western imperialism in Asia in the mid-19th century, to an examination of the major East Asia-U.S. conflicts in East Asia in the 20th century (Philippines, Japan, China, Korea, and Vietnam), the decision to use atomic bombs against Japan, the rise of East Asia as an economic power, and recent events such as U.S.–North Korea and/or U.S.–Chinese relations. The course will take a theoretical approach to foreign relations such as “realpolitik,” imperialistic ideologies, democratic moralism, etc. This course counts toward the Japanese Studies major/minor. Offered occasionally.

291, 391 Independent Study (course value to be determined)

396 Honors Research Tutorial I (1 course) In this course, Honors-track students will define and initiate their research projects in close cooperation with a member of the department. During the semester each student is expected to define the project, establish a research agenda, develop a bibliography, begin in-depth research, and write a preliminary descriptive abstract. Required of Honors-track History majors and normally taken in the fall of the senior year.

397 Honors Research Tutorial II (1 course) In this course, Honors-track students will complete the research and writing of their thesis in close cooperation with a member of the department. Each student is required to prepare and deliver an oral presentation of the research project to the department. Required of Honors-track History majors and normally taken in the spring of the student’s senior year.

• CLA-201 Ancient Greek History and Culture (1 course)
• CLA-202 Roman History and Culture (1 course)
• CUR-100 Historical Perspective I (1 course)
• CUR-110 Historical Perspective II (1 course)