Philosophy (PHI)

The Department of Philosophy offers a unique opportunity for the serious student. Its courses enable the student to come to an understanding of the historical tradition of fundamental issues in religion, morality, metaphysics, and epistemology; in addition, courses in philosophy are designed to allow students to acquire an increased measure of conceptual clarity, as well as rational belief of their own, about these fundamental issues.

A major or a minor in Philosophy is recommended to all students who desire to pursue graduate study in any of the disciplines in the humanities or social sciences, and also to those who expect to enter one of the professions—especially law, the ministry, or teaching.

The Philosophy Department strongly encourages its majors and minors to take advantage of the College’s international study programs. Professor Lisa Heldke is the academic advisor for the Higher Education Consortium for Urban Affairs (HECUA). Students should consult with faculty in advance to be sure that courses taken abroad will count toward the major or minor.

Major in Philosophy:

A minimum of ten courses in philosophy chosen in consultation with a departmental advisor, including PHI-201, PHI-202, either PHI-233 or PHI-234, PHI-236, PHI-246, either PHI-370 or PHI-371, and PHI-399 taken in the senior year. Majors should complete PHI-201 and PHI-202 by the end of the Fall semester of the junior year. All of the other five required courses must be completed before enrollment in PHI-399. Majors are encouraged to study at least two years of a foreign language. No more than one course numbered below 110 will count toward a major. A minimum grade of C– is required for all courses counting toward the major.

Minor:

PHI-201 or PHI-202, and four additional courses selected in consultation with a departmental advisor. A minimum grade of C– is required for all courses counting toward the minor. No more than one course numbered below 110 will count.

Honors Program in Philosophy:

Majors wishing to graduate with Honors in Philosophy must complete all requirements for the standard major to be considered for Honors. They should apply to the department in the spring semester of the junior year. Applicants must have at least a 3.2 overall grade point average and a 3.5 average in philosophy courses at the time of application.

A written application must be addressed to the chair of the department which includes the following information:

1. Overall grade point average and average in philosophy at the time of application;
2. List of the ten or more philosophy classes that will count toward graduation with Honors; and
3. Statement of reasons for wishing to take part in the Honors program, (e.g., it will provide preparation for graduate school).

In addition, if accepted into the program, a specific plan for research and regular consultation with the professor will be presented. This will include a research program during the summer before the fall semester of the senior year in preparation for PHI-399, the Colloquium.

The Honors paper will be presented orally to the class and to the state student philosophy conference. Significant revisions may be required at the discretion of the faculty.

Course Levels: Courses numbered below 200 are considered introductory and require no previous coursework in philosophy. Courses numbered in the 200s are considered intermediate level, and generally at least one course at the introductory level is advisable before enrolling in them. Prospective majors and minors, however, should consult with members of the department about starting directly with PHI-201 or PHI-202. Courses numbered in the 300s are advanced courses for students with substantial previous coursework in philosophy. A selection of introductory courses is offered each semester. Please consult registration materials for specific information.

Courses

102 Racism and Sexism (1 course) A philosophical exploration of the concepts of race and gender, with an emphasis upon the nature of racism and sexism. Questions to be considered include: Are the categories of race and gender constructed or “natural”? How have philosophers used these categories to justify and explain the hierarchical structures of societies? How can individuals engage in constructive resistance to racism and sexism? This course counts toward fulfillment of the Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies major/minor and Peace Studies minor. HIPHI, WRITI. Offered occasionally.

103 Mind and Matter (1 course) A critical introduction to the traditional and contemporary problems and issues surrounding the nature of mind and matter. Topics that may be included are the distinction between mind and body, the existence of other minds, the existence of matter, the nature of causation, free will and determinism, personal immortality, and computer simulation and artificial intelligence. HIPHI. Offered occasionally.

104 The Individual and Community (1 course) This course explores topics of moral and political philosophy by focusing on the dynamic between the individual and the community. Typical questions include: What is the extent of legitimate authority that a community has over an individual? What obligations does a citizen have toward a government? Under what conditions, if any, is civil disobedience justifiable? What is the role of education in creating a citizenry? Emphasis is generally given to classic texts such as Plato’s Apology or Rousseau’s The Social Contract. HIPHI, WRITI. Offered occasionally.

105 School and Society (1 course) How is education used to promote the status quo? How do schools support and reproduce societies in the process of producing “good students”? Conversely, how can education be used to bring about changes in a society? In this course, we’ll explore education both as a tool for preserving the status quo and as a mechanism for social and political change. This course counts toward fulfillment of the Peace Studies minor. HIPHI, WRITI. Offered occasionally.

108 Great Philosophers (1 course) This course introduces students to philosophy by examining some of the writings of philosophical greats, such as Plato, Aristotle, Aquinas, Descartes, Hume, and Wittgenstein. The issues considered may include: Does God exist? What is knowledge and how can we acquire it? What is the meaning of life? What is the “good life”? HIPHI. Offered occasionally.

109 Philosophies of the Environment (1 course) This course examines the ways in which contemporary attitudes toward the environment developed as well as alternative philosophical theories of the environment. Issues include the treatment of nonhuman animals, instrumental vs. intrinsic theories of environmental value, the impact of “first world” environmental perspectives on Third World peoples, and women’s perspectives on the environment. Alternative approaches include Aldo Leopold’s land ethic, deep ecology, and eco-feminism. This course counts toward fulfillment of the Environmental Studies major and the Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies major/minor. HIPHI, WRITI. Spring semester.

115 Elementary Formal Logic (1 course) This course is concerned with a vigorous, but elementary, examination of the concepts of validity, consistency, logical equivalence, and law of logic from both syntactic and semantic points of view. Criteria for the evaluation of arguments in natural language are developed by making use of artificial languages and the techniques of formalization. The course includes a treatment of statement logic (propositional logic) and, if time permits, monadic predicate logic. Credit cannot be given for both PHI-115 and PHI-236. MATHL. Fall semester.

201 Ancient Philosophy (1 course) Philosophy began in ancient Greece, and the problems that these first philosophers raised are still profound and significant. There are characteristically Greek philosophical problems: the nature of the soul, the state, the good, and the nature of reality. However, Greek philosophy is also a distinctive way of thinking about these problems. This course will focus on Greek modes of thought by examining in some detail its two principal representatives, Plato and Aristotle. Some attention may also be given to pre-Socratic, Hellenistic, and Roman philosophers. HIPHI, Fall semester.

202 Modern Philosophy (1 course) The questions of modern philosophy are among the most perennial questions in Western thought. What is the relation between minds and bodies? What is a substance? What is the nature of knowledge? Can we know anything with certainty-even our own existence? This course surveys the works of several major figures in European philosophy of the 17th and 18th centuries, including Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Conway, Locke, Berkeley, Hume, and Kant. HIPHI, WRITD, Spring semester.

233 American Philosophy (1 course) An exploration of philosophy in the United States from the mid-19th through the early 20th centuries. Issues to be discussed may include: philosophical responses to slavery, conceptions of the individual and the community, and the nature of knowledge and truth. Philosophers may include Emerson, DuBois, Peirce, James, Dewey, Goldman, Addams, and Alain Locke. HIPHI, WRITD, Fall semester, even years.

234 Contemporary Analytic Philosophy (1 course) A study of some of the major developments in philosophy during the 20th century. Philosophers examined typically include Russell, Moore, Whitehead, Carnap, Ayer, Wittgenstein, Austin, Ryle, Quine, and others. Prerequisite: PHI-202. Fall semester, odd years.

235 Existentialism (1 course) A survey of the prominent existentialist literature of the 19th and 20th centuries. Writers examined may include Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Dostoyevsky, Berdyaev, Heidegger, Jaspers, Unamuno, Ortega y Gasset, Marcel, Camus, Sartre, and Tillich. HIPHI. Fall semester, odd years.

236 Accelerated Formal Logic (1 course) This course is an accelerated version of PHI-115, in that it covers the material of that course very quickly, thereby allowing for more focus on the full-blown Predicate Calculus. This course is designed primarily for Philosophy majors and students of computer science and logic. Credit cannot be counted for both PHI-115 and PHI-236. MATHL, Spring semester.

240 Philosophy of Religion (1 course) A philosophical scrutiny of some of the central concepts and doctrines of the Judeo-Christian religious tradition, seeking understanding of the peculiar logic and function of religious discourse through readings and discussions of the thought of outstanding philosophers and theologians with respect to such topics as the existence of God, religion and myth, faith and reason, the problem of evil, and life after death. Spring semester, odd years.

241 Philosophy of Art (1 course) An analysis of the concepts employed in aesthetic judgment and a critical scrutiny of some possible methods of verifying or justifying aesthetic claims requiring those concepts in their formulation. Philosophies of beauty, creativity, and the arts are surveyed and critically examined. ARTS, WRITI, Spring semester, odd years.

243 The Ethics of International Development (1 course) Peoples of the Third World outnumber those of the “first world” by a ratio of six to one. Some of the most urgent international moral questions are those concerning relationships between these groups. Moral issues in international development include the following: Do all people have “basic rights” to safe food, clean water, adequate health care, and a healthy environment? What are the responsibilities of first-world consumers to Third World producers? Can the rich help the poor without reproducing relations of dependence? This course focuses in particular on the roles of women in community development. This course counts toward the Peace Studies minor. HIPHI, NWEST, WRITI, Spring semester, even years.

245 Social and Political Philosophy (1 course) An examination of some classical and recent views of the individual and society. Typical issues addressed include: What is the nature and function of the state? On what basis do states derive their authority? Under what circumstances are states justified in curtailing individual liberty? What individual rights are inviolable? Spring semester, odd years.

246 Ethical Theory (1 course) A detailed examination of selected topics of central importance to ethical theory, such as freedom, responsibility, rationality, good, bad, right, wrong, duty, obligation, virtue, and happiness. HIPHI, WRITI, Fall semester.

247 Applied Ethics (1 course) Most of the decisions we make and the actions we undertake have moral implications and involve the use of moral reasoning. When I go to the store to purchase a pair of tennis shoes, am I willing to buy a pair of shoes costing close to ninety dollars, but produced by a Korean worker who is paid pennies an hour? When I hear a racist remark, do I speak up? Do I drop off food at a food bank or make charitable donations? How do I engage in a disagreement about core values? These situations are so common and ordinary that we often forget or fail to see that they are moral in nature. Morality is pervasive and the use of moral reasoning ubiquitous. Engaging in moral practices requires skills, and one objective of this course is to equip students with particular skills that will enable them to think and act more creatively and constructively on moral matters. In this course, we will look at moral issues that are related to all of our lives such as human rights, justice and economic distribution, welfare, marriage, racism and sexism, and health care. HIPHI, Offered annually.

248 Feminist Philosophy (1 course) An exploration of central issues in historical and contemporary feminist philosophy. The focus of the course will vary, and may be drawn from social and political philosophy, ethics, or epistemology. It will generally consider such issues as: “woman” as a socially-constructed category; the nature of women’s oppression; and the relations between gender, race, and class as they function as structures of domination. This course counts toward the Gender, Women, and Sexuality Studies major/minor and the Peace Studies minor. HIPHI, Spring semester, odd years.

251 Philosophy of Science (1 course) An examination of the concepts, methodology, and scope of science. Topics typically studied include the positivist model of scientific theories, the observational-theoretical distinction, the underdetermination of theory, reductionism, antireductionism, supervenience, the structure of scientific explanation, historicism and revolutionary science, social constructivism, the genderization of scientific knowledge, and the realism-antirealism debate. HIPHI, Fall Semester, odd years.

265 Philosophy of Mind (1 course) An examination of traditional and contemporary treatments of problems and issues concerning the nature of mind. Problem areas likely to be included are the distinction between mind and body, personal identity, other minds, the nature of belief, desire, emotion, will, and action. Spring semester, even years.

370 Advanced Studies Seminar: Great Philosophers (1 course) This course provides an intensive examination of the works of one of the great philosophers. Topics will be announced by the department. Offerings may include courses on Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Spinoza, Hume, and Kant. Either PHI-370 or 371 is offered each fall.

371 Advanced Studies Seminar: Selected Topics (1 course) An intensive study of some problems or author in philosophy. The student is expected to demonstrate an ability for independent thinking, study, and research. Either PHI-370 or 371 is offered each fall.

291, 391 Independent Study in Philosophy (Course value to be determined) Fall and Spring semesters.

399 The Philosophy Colloquium (1 course) This seminar provides senior majors with an opportunity to reflect on the meaning of their philosophical training by addressing the question of how the theories and traditions of Western culture can be embodied in a reflective conception of how to live a worthwhile human life. Students will discuss their research regularly with the class and defend thesis paper orally. May be repeated for credit. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor. WRITD, Spring semester.