Here is the three-address intermediate code version of the
procedure that you will be working on.
Note that it is only a slight variant of the one we have used in
class; the outcome may be different, though.
We can assume that an
invisible definition of the name $a0 reaches the top of the program, and
that the name $v0 is live at the bottom of the program, because of
an invisible use of $v0 somewhere later on. The parenthesized numbers
to the left of each assignment statement will be used to refer to them
later in the homework.
fib:
(1) n := $a0
(2) old := 1
(3) new := 1
(4) i := 1
loop:
(5) x1 := i >= n
if x1 goto done
(6) x2 := new
(7) x3 := old + new
(8) old := x2
(9) new := x3
(10) i := i + 1
goto loop
done:
(11) $v0 := new
The fourth column should be a list of the names live out from the instruction. Don't forget that the code isn't all one long basic block: there is a loop. You should be able to do the necessary data flow analysis by informal understanding of the program, though you could do it by really carrying out one of the data flow analysis algorithms if you wanted to.
$v0, $a0,
$t0, $t1, and $t2 nodes, since the intent is that
these nodes be precolored with the corresponding (different)
registers. Once these edges are in place, add a dotted edge between
each pair of move-related nodes that do not have a (solid)
interference edge already between them. Label the dotted edges with
the instruction number(s) of the move(s) done between that pair of
names. For your own use in the following part of the homework,
you'll also want a pencil copy of this graph from which you can
progressively erase.
$a0,
$v0, $t0, $t1, and $t2, using the
procedure from the George and Appel paper. No freezing or spilling is
necessary; only simplify and coalesce steps, followed by select steps
to assign the actual (non-precolored) colors.
Show your work using a two column table. The first row will be for the first simplify or coalesce step you do, the second row will be for the second simplify or coalesce step, etc. You will fill the first column of the table in, working down the table, and then turn around and fill the second column in headed back up the table.
As you work down the table, fill in the first column with the step you have chosen to do, for example, ``simplify A'' or ``coalesce A and B.'' For each row, you may freely choose any legal simplify step, and if there is none, freely choose any legal coalesce step. As you go, use your pencil (particularly the eraser end) to update your penciled copy of the graph. You should be able to reduce the whole graph to nothing but precolored nodes in this way.
Now turn around and head back up the table from bottom to top, doing the select phase of the algorithm. For each row that is of the form ``simplify A,'' add A back into your penciled graph and connect it back up with those of its neighbors that are currently in the penciled graph. Choose a color (register) for the name (or coalesced name group) A. You may choose any of the five registers that doesn't doesn't conflict with the coloring of A's neighbors that are currently in the penciled graph. Put the register (color) you chose in the second column of your table. Skip over the rows that are of the form ``coalesce A and B.''
Instructor: Max Hailperin