| American Psychological Association (APA) style requires in-text parenthetical citations throughout the text and an alphabatized list of references at the end of the paper. Double-space the entire References list. Please see Lunsford's Everyday Writer, chapter 54, or the APA website for more information.
For information on structuring parenthetical citations, see Everyday Writer, 417-419.
| Book, one author (see Everyday Writer, 417 & 421) |
|
in-text:
|
Note: Use the author's name to introduce the cited material and place the date in parentheses immediately after the author's name. If you use a direct quotation, the page numbers in parentheses follow the quote. See Everyday Writer for exceptions to the rule.
Jonsen (2005) notes that "while autonomy empowers the patient, it may also undermine the trust that must cement the therpeutic relationship" (p. 46).
|
|
works cited:
|
Last name, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title. City, state (if city is unfamiliar): Publisher.
- Jonsen, A. R. (2005). Bioethics beyond the headlines. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
|
| Book, multiple authors (see Everyday Writer, 417-18 & 421) |
|
in-text:
|
For 2 authors:
Note: Use both names in all citations.
As Duran and Rogg (2006) assert, the character of Don Quixote sheds light on Cervantes's humanistic values.
For 3 - 5 authors:
Note: list all authors' names for the first reference; in subesquent references, use the first author's name plus et al. (and others).
First Reference: Clemmons, Weinberg, Frederici, and Scialfa (2006) achieved a harmonious collaboration on the issue.
Second Reference: Clemmons et al. (2006) discovered surprising answers to the question at hand.
|
|
works cited:
|
First author's last name, initial(s), Second author's last name, initial(s), & Third author's last name, initial(s).
 (Year of publication) Title. City: Publisher.
Duran, M., & Rogg, F. R. (2006) Fighting windmills: Encounters with Don Quixote. New Have: Yale UP.
|
| Selection in a book with an editor (see Everyday Writer, 422) |
|
in-text:
|
NOTE: Use the author of the chapter or selected work, not the editor of the book. Follow the pattern for a book with one (or more) authors.
Tripp (2005) has claimed that the assertions put forward by Van Zandt are erroneous.
|
|
works cited:
|
NOTE: Begin with the author of the chapter or selected work, not the editor of the book.
Last name, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of selection. In initial(s) last name (Ed.), Title of book.
(page numbers). City: Publisher.
Tripp, A. M. (2005). Women in movement: Transformations in African political landscapes. In J. Howell &
D. Mulligan (Eds.), Gender and civil society:Transcending boundaries. (pp. 104-133). London: Routledge.
|
| Journal article (see Everyday Writer, 423) |
|
in-text:
|
Use the same format as you would for a book.
|
|
works cited:
|
Last Name, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume, pages.
Goldberg, S. C. (2001). Testimonially based knowledge from false testimony.
Philosophical Quarterly 51, 512-26.
Note: The above entry is for journals that continue their page numbers throughout the year instead of beginning each issue with page 1. For journals that begin each issue with page 1, add the issue number in parentheses after the volume number: 24(2).
|
| Article in a database (see Everyday Writer, 426) |
|
in-text:
|
Use the same format as you would for a book.
|
|
works cited:
|
Last name, initial(s). (Year of publication). Title of article. Title of Journal, Volume, pages. Retrieval date, fromname of database (document number--if available).
Still, J. (1997). Beguines in outer space, or, the undergraduate research process. The History Teacher,
Volume 31(1), 109-116. Retrieved December 1, 2006, from JSTOR database..
|
| Web site (see Everyday Writer, 419 & 425) |
|
in-text:
|
To cite an entire Web site, include its address in parentheses in your text; you do not need to include it in the References list.
To cite part of a site, use the same format for citing a book within the text. If the author is unknown, use the title or a shortened form of it. If no page numbers are given, use paragraph numbers.
("Finding Primary Sources," 2006)
|
|
works cited:
|
Last name, initial(s) [if known]. (Date of publication). Title of work. Title of Web site. Retrieval date, from URL.
Finding primary sources. (2006, October). Folke Bernadotte Memorial Library. Retrieved December 4, 2006,
from http://gustavus.edu/academics/library/research/primary-sources.html
|
|
